• Le commentaire littéraire: fiche-méthode

    FICHE METHODE

    COMMENT REDIGER UN COMMENTAIRE ?

    (après élaboration du plan)

     

    Il s'agit d'étudier un texte d'une vingtaine de lignes de façon à mettre en évidence les centres d'intérêt de la page. Le commentaire doit se présenter comme un compte-rendu qui classe dans un ordre expressif (du moins important au plus important, du plus extérieur au plus intime) les centres d'intérêt du texte.

     

    Le devoir comporte trois grandes étapes :

    Introduction

    Développement

    Conclusion

     

    INTRODUCTION 3 parties

    à Présenter le texte t annoncer le plan du commentaire

    1)      Présenter le texte :  (il faut faire comme si le lecteur ne connaissait pas ce texte, ne jamais commencer par « ce texte », « cet extrait »)

    -          indiquer : titre, auteur, genre.

    -          Situer brièvement dans le contexte (œuvre dont le texte fait partie, époque, éventuellement mouvement littéraire auquel il se rattache). NB : Bien le lire le libellé du sujet qui donne souvent des indications précises.

    2)      Dégager brièvement l'idée générale : ne pas résumer le texte mais en donner l'essentiel en un phrase. (C'est l'étape qui correspondrait à la problématique).

    3)      Annoncer le plan : énumérer brièvement les principaux centres d'intérêt du texte (les grandes parties du développement I, II voire III) qui feront l'objet du développement. Présentez-les dans l'ordre.

     

    DEVELOPPEMENT :

    Chaque partie est organisée autour d'une idée approfondie par une étude de détail.

    1)      le plan : les centres d'intérêt peuvent être :

    -          un thème

    -          un problème d'interprétation lié au genre littéraire du texte, par exemple la métaphore dominante dans un genre poétique.

    2)      Organisation, mise en page

    Votre commentaire ne comporte pas de titre : tout est entièrement rédigé. C'est la mise en page et la clarté du raisonnement qui permettent au lecteur de comprendre votre démarche.

    -          sauter des lignes entre chaque partie (I, II, III)

    -          A l'intérieur faites des paragraphes correspondants (A, B, C)

    -          Pour chaque sous partie ménagez des phrases de transition

    -          N'oubliez pas de structurer votre raisonnement à l'aide de mots de liaison.

    3)      Les paragraphes : chaque partie s'organise ne paragraphes d'après le schéma suivant :

    I.                    Centre d'intérêt (=partie)

    A.     Aspect particulier du centre d'intérêt (=sous-partie ou paragraphe)

    1.       Remarque + exemple (citation analysée)

    2.       Remarque + citation ...

    4)      Comment approfondir les idées ?

    Toute remarque doit être justifiée par la citation de mots, de phrases, de vers du texte  précisément analysés.

    Ne pas oublier de citer entre guillemets

    Ne pas oublier de ne pas perdre de vue l'idée directrice de la partie

     

    CONCLUSION 2 parties

    1)      Bilan du devoir : reprendre les impressions dominantes dégagées par le commentaire, reprendre les différentes parties en apportant des éléments nouveaux. (Il doit y avoir une évolution par rapport à l'introduction).

    2)      Elargir : proposer un élargissement, un dépassement (comparer avec d'autres textes du même auteur, traitant le même thème, parler de la suite de l'œuvre...) Mais attention, ne proposez pas un nouvel axe de lecture dans l'élargissement.

     

    A EVITER

    La paraphrase : redire platement ce qu'a dit l'auteur

    Le commentaire linéaire suivre le fil du texte

    La séparation fond/forme (idées, thèmes VS structure)

    N'oubliez pas de rédiger au présent!


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